Credible Equilibria in Games with Utility Changing during the Play

Publicado por Tilburg Center Economic Research 1992Whenever one deals with an interactive decision situation of long duration, one has to take into account that priorities of the participants may change during the conflicto In this paper we propose an extensiveform game model to handle such situations and suggest and study a solution concept, called credible equilibrium, which generalizes the concept of Nash equilibrium. We also discuss possible variants to this concept and applications of the model to other types of games

Convergence of the Crank-Nicolson-Galerkin finite element method for a class of nonlocal parabolic systems with moving boundaries

The aim of this paper is to establish the convergence and error bounds to the fully discrete solution for a class of nonlinear systems of reaction-diffusion nonlocal type with moving boundaries, using a linearized Crank-Nicolson-Galerkin finite element method with polynomial approximations of any degree. A coordinate transformation which fixes the boundaries is used. Some numerical tests to compare our Matlab code with some existing moving finite elements methods are investigated

The Tragedy of the Anti-Commons: A New Problem. An Application to the Fisheries.

The operation and management of common property resources (“the commons”) have been exhaustively examined in economics and political science, both in formal analysis and in practical applications. “Tragedy of the Commons” metaphor helps to explain why people overuse shared resources. On the other side, Anti-Commons Theory is a recent theory presented by scientists to explain several situations about new Property Rights concerns. An “anti-commons” problem arises when there are multiple rights to exclude. Little attention has been given to the setting where more than one person is assigned with exclusion rights, which may be exercised. We analyze the “anti-commons” problem in which resources are inefficiently underutilized rather than over-utilized as in the familiar commons setting. In fact, these two problems are symmetrical in several aspects.Anti-Commons Theory; Property Rights

Oscillatory behaviour in functional differential systems of neutral type

AbstractIn this paper are obtained several criteria for oscillations of a class of autonomous functional differential systems of neutral type

Genome-Wide Analysis of Gene Expression during Early Arabidopsis Flower Development

Detailed information about stage-specific changes in gene expression is crucial for the understanding of the gene regulatory networks underlying development. Here, we describe the global gene expression dynamics during early flower development, a key process in the life cycle of a plant, during which floral patterning and the specification of floral organs is established. We used a novel floral induction system in Arabidopsis, which allows the isolation of a large number of synchronized floral buds, in conjunction with whole-genome microarray analysis to identify genes with differential expression at distinct stages of flower development. We found that the onset of flower formation is characterized by a massive downregulation of genes in incipient floral primordia, which is followed by a predominance of gene activation during the differentiation of floral organs. Among the genes we identified as differentially expressed in the experiment, we detected a significant enrichment of closely related members of gene families. The expression profiles of these related genes were often highly correlated, indicating similar temporal expression patterns. Moreover, we found that the majority of these genes is specifically up-regulated during certain developmental stages. Because co-expressed members of gene families in Arabidopsis frequently act in a redundant manner, these results suggest a high degree of functional redundancy during early flower development, but also that its extent may vary in a stage-specific manner

Oscillatory mixed difference systems

The aim of this paper is to discuss the oscillatory behavior of difference systems of mixed type. Several criteria for oscillations are obtained. Particular results are included in regard to scalar equations. Copyright © 2006 J. M. Ferreira and S. Pinelas. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, dis-tribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 1

The MARVEL EU project: A social constructivist approach to remote experimentation

The work presented in this paper proposes a conceptual model where remote experimentation is envisaged as a tool to achieve instructional objectives via social constructivist learning methods. The conceptual model described considers remote experiments as embedded activities in an e-learning framework that integrates the necessary tools to support the acquisition of theoretical concepts, synchronous communication via video-conferencing, interface panels to the equipments available in the remote workbench, and the necessary management tools to support this architecture. Each remote experiment is perceived by the students as a broader activity (called workshop activity) that enables them to achieve pre-defined learning goals, where collaborative actions and peer-review activities are at the basis of the underlying social constructivist learning model. The outcome of these activities is itself a learning object that provides evidence that the learning goals were achieved

Nonoscillations in retarded systems

AbstractThis note is concerned with the existence of nonoscillatory solutions of a linear retarded system. Several criteria for nonoscillations are obtained, some of them regarding specific classes of continuous and differentiable delay functions